https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/173 Numéros fr mar., 14 juin 2022 08:29:36 +0200 mar., 14 juin 2022 08:29:36 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/173 0 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/174 Based on evidence that is very rarely considered together in scholarship, this paper argues that Corinna of Tanagra has been associated with an idea of artistic authority in antiquity. This is a subject on which the ancient reception of Corinna differs considerably from the modern appreciations of the poet. By applying the hermeneutical approach of reception studies, this paper shows that the presence of an idea of Corinna as an artistic authority may be found in both ancient texts and the figurative arts, as well as in postclassical scholarship. Here, in her pre-twentieth century receptions, Corinna is portrayed both as honoured in her own right and as superior to the poet Pindar, who according to the ancient tradition was her contemporary, compatriot and fellow student. As will be argued, the shift in Corinna’s reception history occurred with the 1907 publication of the Berlin Papyrus, which contained the largest extant fragments of her output to date. From this point onwards, a debate on Corinna’s date, which, according to some, may have been later than Pindar’s, has eclipsed the authoritative aspects of her reception history. The article closes by suggesting that a re-evaluation of the idea of Corinna as an artistic authority, facilitated by a reception studies approach, should urge current scholarship to assess the debate about her date and place in the history of classical literature afresh. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:30:20 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/174 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/190 A dispetto dei profondi cambiamenti politici, sociali e culturali intervenuti, l’ideale della matrona morigerata e virtuosa, con la sua esaltazione dei ruoli statutariamente connessi alla femminilità nel mondo antico, quello di moglie e di madre, non ha mai dismesso la sua vitalità nella storia di Roma. Dopo il dramma delle guerre civili e delle proscrizioni, al modello culturale e antropologico celebrato dalla tradizione epigrafico-letteraria Augusto decise di dare cogenza normativa con la sua legislazione etico-matrimoniale, conferendo alla figura femminile una centralità giuridica assolutamente priva di precedenti. Tuttavia, se si volge lo sguardo al di là degli aspetti ideologici sottesi al progetto legislativo, concentrando l’analisi sulle modalità concretamente adottate dal princeps per raggiungere i suoi scopi demografici e moralizzatori, si osserva chiaramente come la matrona non vi sia considerata solo in quanto uxor e mater, ma anche in qualità di domina, titolare di diritti patrimoniali. L’articolo si propone dunque di contribuire alla ricostruzione di questo peculiare aspetto dell’identità matronale, da un lato esaminando per quali aspetti la normativa augustea possa aver sancito un turning-point per la condizione socio-giuridica delle donne, con particolare riferimento alle matronae dell’élite; dall’altro, cercando di mettere in luce le ragioni storiche che hanno condotto il triumviro prima ancora che il princeps a riconoscere e valorizzare in modo così macroscopico la capacità patrimoniale femminile. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:30:47 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/190 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/218 This paper evaluates the impact of the Augustan marriage legislation on the legal and financial freedom of Roman women, specifically, how the introduction of the ius liberorum (the “right of children”), which granted women freedom from tutela (guardianship), affected the freedom of Roman women to deal with their property as they chose. Scholars have offered diverging views on this topic: some see Augustus’ laws as a key moment in the “emancipation” of Roman women, while others suggest that, by freeing women from tutela, the laws essentially gave legal form to existing practice. As such, the question also has bearing on the larger question of how innovations during the Augustan principate were anchored in previous law and custom. In order to shed light on these questions, this paper seeks to reconstruct the operation of tutela mulierum, in its various forms, immediately before the passage of the Augustan laws. It also considers how many women were able to claim the ius liberorum, although the nature of the evidence does not allow firm conclusions. What emerges is that the reality of tutela and the potential benefit of the ius liberorum varied widely, depending on a woman’s individual circumstances, the type of tutor she had, and especially whether she was freeborn or a freedwoman subject to a male patron; moreover, while the Augustan laws paved the way for the further weakening of tutela for freeborn women, the gap between freeborn and freed increased. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:35:07 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/218 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/226 May the bones of my patron rest well; he wanted me to be a man among men, (Patrono meo ossa bene quiescant, qui me hominem inter homines voluit esse), Petron. Sat. 39.4. These are the words of the famous freedman Trimalchio, expressing that he is now able to enjoy the good life and that he is part of society, he is “a man among men”. But what does this “a man among men” mean and why was it important for a freedman to be seen as a man? In the Greco-Roman world the slave was seen as a boy and manumission was perceived as a maturity process, where the manumitted slave could be seen as coming of age. This article examines how age can be used as a means to study how Roman male freedmen were positioned in relation to the ideal Roman masculinity and how this positioning can be seen as an expression of (gender) identity and status. The article addresses these questions by doing a critical close reading of a sample of Late Republican and Early Imperial Roman textual, iconographic and epigraphic sources, applying masculinity theory and drawing on modern conceptions and constructions of masculinity. As a key concept to discuss the material, Connell’s concept “hegemonic masculinity”, as an ideal and normative masculinity, is used. The article provides conclusions on why age was important for Roman freedmen. It is also pointed out that, as a phenomenon, Roman freedmen are interesting when studying intersections of age and gender, because they illustrate the way age can be perceived as a social category. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:35:31 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/226 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/239 In Seneca’s Hercules Furens there are two distinct narratives with opposing objectives, one authored by Juno, the other by Hercules. The former seeks to prevent the hero from becoming a god, by directing him to carry out an assault on heaven and eliminate his family, and the latter seeks to implement his vision of the new Golden Age by purging the world of remaining evils. As the two plans collide, they generate confusion in the minds of both Hercules and Amphitryon, in part because Juno is able to exploit Hercules’ own overweening ambition. The play associates this kind of ambition with tyrannical behavior. When Hercules’ Juno-sent frenzy results in the slaughter of his family, the tragic hero is rendered an intratextual double of the tyrant Lycus, fulfilling the tyrant’s goal of eliminating the Theban royal line. This constitutes an attack on Thebes itself, the earthly analogue of heaven. This poetological dimension – in which Hercules’ acts follow his own scripted vision set beside that devised by Juno – constitutes a significant Senecan innovation vis-a-vis the Euripidean Ἡρακλῆς Μαινόμενος in its treatment of the mythic plot. The dual authorship and ultimate overlap of the two previously opposed plotlines highlight the complex nature and meaning of Hercules’ responsibility. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:35:46 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/239 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/247 The innovative character of Juno in Statius’ Thebaid seems to challenge and correct the previous portrayals of the goddess in Virgil’s Aeneid and Ovid’s Metamorphoses. The present article argues that Statius goes further in this challenge than has so far been recognised, by making both Juno’s ineffective speech and her speechlessness and inaction indicative of the gender imbalance that has long caused her suffering, and her vindictive features, in the epic literary tradition. Statius’ Thebaid casts Juno as a woman wounded from the very start of her existence, and suggests that it is precisely out of this feminine wound that both the goddess and the poem can achieve a productive reconciliation in the epic’s closure. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:36:01 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/247 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/257 The article focuses on a Roman portrait of a young woman in the Metropolitan Museum of Art from the early second century C.E. The marble head, though striking for its beauty and high quality of craftsmanship, cannot be identified. It is also a fragment from a statue without an archaeological context or findspot. How do we approach a sculpture about which so much cannot be known? A visual analysis of related portraits, along with a discussion of the tradition of epitaphs, literary accounts, and artefacts of girls’ lives, such as dolls, suggest how maidens were commemorated and valued in Rome. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:36:16 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/257 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/289 Au tout début du Cinquecento italien, le De mulieribus (1501) de Mario Equicola offre une défense des femmes fondée non seulement sur l’opposition, répandue chez les humanistes, aux thèses misogynes héritées de la tradition médicale antique et médiévale, mais sur une critique vive de la société patriarcale et de la soumission des femmes, en particulier au sein de l’institution du mariage. Ce thème apparaît comme un critère intéressant pour évaluer les thèses sur la condition féminine à une époque où les femmes sont particulièrement représentées dans la nouvelle littérature d’amour et de cour. Expression maximale du renouveau du débat sur la question féminine, l’ouvrage d’Equicola reste cependant une exception au sein des traités et des dialogues italiens qui fleurissent alors, bien que le modèle philosophique de la réflexion sur les rapports amoureux, remis à l’honneur par Marsile Ficin dans le Commentaire sur le Banquet de Platon (1469), soit peu à peu effacé au profit d’une célébration du couple hétérosexuel et du mariage conçu idéalement comme le lieu harmonieux d’un partenariat entre les époux. Cet article se propose d’étudier les principaux témoins de cette évolution non rectiligne dans les premières années du xvie siècle en Italie de façon à mettre en perspective la singularité du De mulieribus de Mario Equicola. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:36:46 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/289