https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/623 Numéros fr mar., 14 juin 2022 08:58:35 +0200 lun., 20 mars 2023 09:00:53 +0100 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/623 0 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/624 Plusieurs obstacles épistémologiques ont freiné l’étude de la pratique médicale au féminin dans l’Antiquité gréco-romaine. En dépit du nombre relativement restreint de sources disponibles, il est aujourd’hui possible de réévaluer le rôle des femmes médecins en déconstruisant nos catégories modernes pour éviter les anachronismes. Le recours à une démarche pluridisciplinaire, basée sur des sources de natures diverses (écrites, iconographiques, archéologiques), permet de nuancer la partition des spécialisations selon les sexes. Les femmes furent non seulement au service d’autres femmes, mais aussi d’hommes. Le croisement des sources met en lumière les modalités d’une agency féminine avec différentes formes d’autorité, médicale et religieuse, et de reconnaissance sociale hors de la sphère privée qui invitent aussi à réévaluer l’impact des préjugés antiques – et modernes – sur l’infériorité « naturelle » des femmes et leur incapacité à gérer les responsabilités. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:59:04 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/624 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/636 This essay argues that character development and self-understanding in Menander’s recognition plots are reserved for men characters: women characters show resolve, but do not develop. Menander’s recognition plot is thus gendered – most observably in Sikyonioi, the only play to show recognitions of an unrelated man and woman in the same play. In this play, a young woman, Philoumene (kidnapped at an early age), finds her father, while a mercenary soldier, Stratophanes, also discovers his true natal family and new role as an Athenian citizen; they marry, and Stratophanes’ brother Moschion loses out. Philoumene protects her respectability, but is otherwise passive and never gains control over her own body. Once recognized by her father, she is engaged to Stratophanes, and her adventure ends. Stratophanes, by contrast, must overcome threats to his finances, identity, and love affair, developing into a responsible citizen. For him, the recognition plot is an adventure that does not end when he finds his parents. Sikyonioi also demonstrates that not everyone wins in the recognition plot: Moschion loses sexual object, sense of self, and status a sole heir. He is forced to develop through the limitations on his privilege. Moreover, the erotic competition highlights the passivity of Philoumene, who is not active participant in a love triangle, but prize. Because Sikyonioi highlights both gender disparity in the recognition plot and the positive and negative repercussions of the plot for male rivals, it is a crucial locus for anyone interested in gender relations in Menander. mar., 14 juin 2022 08:59:29 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/636 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/646 Come in ogni cultura, anche in quella romana circolavano rappresentazioni e credenze relative ai fluidi corporei. E’ questo il caso del sucus, inteso come fluido che provvede al benessere e alla salute della persona, dell’urina, e soprattutto dei liquidi che circolano nel corpo femminile, costituendo la sostanza da cui si forma il feto. Il funzionamento di questi liquidi interni al corpo può essere rappresentato sia attraverso modelli metaforici sia, cosa ancor più specifica della cultura romana, attraverso operatori divini, con relativi festival e rituali. Il funzionamento di questi diversi modelli mette in luce interessanti opposizioni di genere. mar., 14 juin 2022 09:08:43 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/646 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/659 This paper argues for a dense and systematic intertextual relationship between Ovid’s Ars amatoria Book 1 and Terence’s Eunuchus. The attitude of the praeceptor Amoris toward meretrices, the target women of the Ars, is found in all the male characters of the play, from neuter pronouns (quod) used for them to resentment at the expenses required for their company to the belief that rape of meretrices is justified. The praeceptor’s lessons on deception (Ars 1.631-658) and rape (659-706) draws heavily on the rape plot of Eunuchus. From fallite fallentes (645) to the exemplum of the rape of Deidamia by Achilles (681-704), this passage takes plot and language from Chaerea, the young adulescens who rapes Pamphila, the foster sister of the meretrix Thais. The painting of Jupiter and Danae in Pamphila’s bedroom offers a model for the Deidamia-Achilles tale, and Achilles’ role as a model for the male pupil of the Ars further justify rape of women who have no physical, social, or legal recourse. Through his persistent intertextual engagement with Terence’s play, Ovid exposes male privilege and resentment toward meretrices. mar., 14 juin 2022 09:09:02 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/659 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/666 The paper is a contribution to the growing interest in the influence of Philodemus’ poetry upon Latin poetry, in particular elegy. It explores the socio-cultural and literary-historical implications of Philodemus’ epigram AP 5.132 (Sider 12), which concerns the speaker’s infatuation with an Oscan girl called Flora. This poem, short though it is, reveals a poet interacting with the linguistic and cultural diversity of Campania of the late Republic. It is well known that, in its description of the girl’s physical body, this epigram influenced Am. 1.5, the poem in which Ovid first introduces his girlfriend Corinna. What I shall also argue is that Philodemus’ play in his epigram with the dynamic multiculturalism of Campania transfers in Ovid’s Amores and Fasti to a fuller exploration of the crosscultural resonances in the name of the elegiac woman, including the goddess Flora, who was worshipped in Oscan territory as well as at Rome. mar., 14 juin 2022 09:09:16 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/666 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/679 In Republican and imperial Rome, the house was seen as a locus of public life and a symbol of the status of its male residents. The influential position of elite women turned the houses that they owned, or the residential space with which they were associated the most, into appealing elements of literary discourse. Central to all the anecdotes discussed in this contribution is the idea that a woman who gathers people around her might, at some point, become a political force to be reckoned with. Modern scholarship has often characterized the Julio-Claudian period as a period of trial and error. The portrayals of Julio-Claudian women illustrate this most clearly: whereas state-regulated media, such as imperial coins or senatorial decrees, show that these women were given a visible role in public life and were consequently considered as influential members of society, they were never recognized as formal players in the struggle for power. Describing their residence and its visitors enabled ancient writers to point this out. The women whose domus frequentata is discussed in this contribution are: Verres’ mistress Chelidon, Clodia Metelli, Cornelia, Octavia, Livia, Agrippina the Elder, Messalina, and Agrippina the Younger. mar., 14 juin 2022 09:09:31 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/679 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/685 This paper explores evidence for female authorship terminology in extant poetic texts written in Latin by women. It begins by first considering male authorship in Latin literature, before moving on to three case studies of women’s writing: an elegy by Sulpicia, an anonymous graffito from Pompeii, and the Virgilian cento of Proba. By foregrounding the ‘subversive mask’ of female poetic speech in Rome, the paper uncovers a subtextual rhetoric of authorship where female poets both respond to and subvert male authorship paradigms. It thus argues for the importance of analyzing authorship terminology in Latin literature through the lens of gender. mar., 14 juin 2022 09:09:44 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/685 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/694 In den prosopographischen Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Altertumswis-senschaften seit dem 19. Jahrhundert finden Frauen als Akteurinnen im akademischen Feld kaum Erwähnung. Und dennoch zeigt ein genauerer Blick, dass Wissenschaftlerinnen zentrale Funktionen wahrnahmen: Unser Beitrag greift die Person Juliette Ernst (1900-2001) heraus, die während rund 60 Jahren für die Herausgabe der Année Philologique verantwortlich war und als Generalsekretärin der Fédération Internationale des Associations d’Études Classiques (FIEC) während 25 Jahren eine Schlüsselposition der internationalen Altertumswissenschaften einnahm. Der Aufsatz geht von einem biographischen Ansatz aus und untersucht mit einer Analyse der Bedingungen der wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeiten von Ernst die Handlungsspielräume einer Frau in den männlich dominierten Altertumswissenschaften des 20. Jahrhunderts. Zugleich diskutieren wir die Biographie als Methode einer geschlechtsspezifisch ausgerichteten Wissenschaftsgeschichte; wir werfen die Fragen auf, in welchem Verhältnis Fremddarstellung und Selbstverständnis zueinander stehen und wie die «biographische Illusion» der nachträglichen Konstruktion der Kohärenz eines Lebens vermieden werden kann, um zugleich die überindividuellen Bedingungen und das individuelle weibliche Handeln im Feld der Altertumswissenschaften zu erkennen. mar., 14 juin 2022 09:10:03 +0200 https://www.peren-revues.fr/eugesta/694