Mourir comme un chien

This article deals with guilt and shame as the unifying threads of Kafka's novel The Trial. What is the object or the ground of guilt - what makes it arise? Or it is maybe rather some sort of a mood, an inclination - unrelated to any distinct object? How does shame as a "pure affect" appear as the Doppelgänger of guilt and projects it into the ontological dimension? Shame is a breach that opens up in the fortress of the human subject and this is why guilt appears to be, at the end, unescapable.